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Aims and Scope
Editorial Board

1. The carbon footprint of the historic centre of the Municipality of Trevignano Romano - Lazio Region, Italy

Adriana SFERRA¹, Matteo SFORZINI², Alessia D’ANGELO³

1 Department of Planning, Design and Technological Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.

2 Interdepartmental Center for Territory Construction Restoration and Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.

3 Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.

Abstract: Operations to quantify the CO_2eq emissions of a given territory encounter critical issues that make the matter more complex because they are rooted in political/economic/social options carried out over time and in other locations; options that “come from elsewhere and far in time” and therefore make partial the technical solutions that are proposed today. Each intervention must therefore be “contextualized in space and time” otherwise the technical initiative in progress, not well understood, can create the misunderstanding of being proposed again, in other territorial contexts with deep and different connotations, with consequent results that are only partially positive. Moreover, each intervention, for an obvious economy of scale, must be correlated at the same time with similar ones and, in any case, all of them must be placed coherently within an economy that today goes towards industry 4.0. through digitalization. This case study precisely because it is placed “today” and “within” a specific context possesses such specificities that it allows (even foreign entrepreneurs, as well as national) to operate adequately. Following the analysis of the most suitable tools for measuring environmental impacts – on the building and urban scale – the carbon footprint procedure has been defined, the working methodology, the technical operations carried out and the calculation methods for quantifying the CO_2eq emissions produced by the energy consumption of buildings and transport are illustrated through the indicators for the case study under examination, analysed at 360°. Finally, the proposal for the overall reduction of the calculated carbon footprint is illustrated and concludes with the results achieved and their possible further developments.

2. Business feasibility analysis of solar power plants in east-sumba energy zone

Budi Yulianto¹, Syamsul Maarif¹, Chandra Wijaya², Hartrisari Hardjomidjojo¹

1 Business School, Bogor Agriculture Institute (Institut Pertanian Bogor), Indonesia.

2 Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Administrative Science, Universitas Indonesia.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the business feasibility of the East Sumba energy security zone solar power project. Low of electrification ratio and energy security index and very large of potential of solar-based natural resource energy or solar power plants (SPP) in East Sumba make this study important.  Data analysis used business feasibility analysis. There are several aspects used in this study, namely legal, market and marketing aspects, technical and technological aspects, management aspects and human resources, socio-economic aspects, environmental aspects, and financial aspects. This study uses primary and secondary data from the experience of SPP businesses in East Sumba and several regions in Indonesia. Business feasibility analysis simulated by SPP on Grid with battery Back-up System for 100 households/houses in hamlets/ villages. The result shows that the SPP business is feasible to implement based on several aspects, namely legal, marketing, technical and technological aspects, management and human resources, social and environmental and financial aspects. The SPP business can be developed with a capacity of 15 kWp for 100 households without batteries. In order to make the investment successful and feasible, it needs the role of "cheap" subsidies to support small-scale generator investments such as soft loans, government spending, grants, and so on. Battery schemes, it is not recommended for private investment because of battery prices are still high and battery useful life is under 10 years. Therefore, investment is suggested made by each household according to needs.

3. Improving of artificial hip joint design by studying multiple angles of articulation between femoral head and acetabular liner

Yousuf Jamal Mahboba, Mohsin Abdullah Al-Shammari

University of Baghdad, College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Baghdad, Iraq.

Abstract: Artificial Hip Joints is a complicated field as it is related to material wear rate, biocoMPatibility and stability. While these factors might seem enough, but more factors are affecting implant performance such as hip joint design. This theoretical work is performed by ANSYS 18.2 software to simulate a force of 3000 N load applied on a design for a different angle of movement (α) and angle between femoral head and acetabulum (β), α is taken as (-10°, 0° and +30°) and β is taken (35°, 45°, 55°, 65° and 75°). The results of Von-Mises stress, total deformation, pressure, gap and penetration was taken from simulation results for femoral head of Alumina and Cobalt-Chrome alloy with HDPE liner to represent the case of Metal on Plastic (MoP) and Ceramic on Plastic (CoP), the results of both cases for α and β angles is drawn and then coMPared to choose best β value. The selection of design is utilized by evaluating results and then rating it in a selection matrix, it was found that β at 65° shows highest rating.

4. Stability of FG material micro-pipe conveying fluid

Talib EH. Elaikh, Nada M. Abed

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Thi-Qar University, Iraq.

Abstract: Functionally gradient materials and small-scale pipes have great importance in the industry because of its wide applications in many engineering fields such as fluid transport in fluidic devices. In this article, an analytical solution for the stability of functionally graded (FG) material micro-pipe fluid-conveying is offered. The properties of the material are changed constantly across the micro-pipes thickness and depend on power law distribution. Hamilton’s principle, Euler beam model, and modified coupled stress theory are utilized to get an equation of motion for conservative FG micro-pipe (Simply supported and clamped-clamped). The vibration equation of FG micro-pipe is converted from 4th order to a 2nd order using the Galerkin's method. Solving the Eigenvalue problem results in a distinct equation depicting the frequency relationship of the parameters. By plotting the root locus of the characteristic equations, the main stability characteristics such as stability, instability, and flutter are studied graphically. The effect of different parameters such as gradient index, length scale, fluid velocity, micro flow parameter, and mass ratio on FG micro-pipe was studied. The results showed that each parameter had a significant impact on the behavior of stability as the chain of stability could change significantly.

5. Influence of corrosion on buckling resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel columns

Ahmed A. Ibrahim¹, Al- Alkawi H. J², Al Nagshabandi A. M. Rachid¹, Samih K. Al-najjar³

1 Sudan University of Science and Technology.

2 University of Technology – Baghdad.

3 State company for Automobile Industry and Equipment.

Abstract: This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of buckling on AISI 304 stainless steel and AISI 304 corroded and as received were tested under dynamic compression buckling condition columns. Maximum reduction in buckling load was (28%) and (19.6%) for long and intermediate soil corroded columns respectively as compared with as received condition. Perry-Robertson equation was used to compare with the experimental results of buckling load.

6. Effect of repeated load on life of the PMMA molar denture

Kadhim K. Resan

Al-Mustansiriyah University, Faculty of Engineering, Materials Engineering Department, Iraq.

Abstract: The removal of molar denture was made from PMMA polymer. The alternating load of dental during the process of chewing food therefore it is failure by fatigue. In fatigue failure the crack was initiate then crack propagate. In this paper, the effect of repeated load on life of removable molar denture was study, the PMMA molar was manufacturing then testing to determine mechanical properties by compression fatigue load tester. Also, the mechanical properties of the material were examined as a test of compression and hardness. The force of load is find by special sensor. Finally, the repeated load on removable dental molar can be reduce the life of the dental to less than half.