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Aims and Scope
Editorial Board

1. Experimental investigation on a flat plate solar collector using Al2O3 Nanofluid as a heat transfer agent

Abbas Sahi Shareef, Mohammed Hassan Abbod, Sura Qahtan Kadhim

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karbalaa University, Katbalaa, Iraq.

Abstract: This work introduces experimental results of an Al₂O₃ -water based nanofluid as the working fluid for flat tube in plate type solar collector. Experimental test setup comprises a solar collector, closed working fluid system and measurement devices (flow meter, thermocouples, temperature meter and digital solar power meter). The Base case was experimented with di-ionized water with a flow rate of 1 lpm. In second case, Al₂O₃ nanoparticles are mixed in di-ionized water to get nanofluid of 0.5% volume fraction concentration. The maximum difference between outlet and inlet temperatures of the solar collector was 14.4 ̊ C with the solar irradiance of about 788 W/m² while in case of water the maximum temperatures difference was 10.7 ̊ C with a solar irradiance of about 781 W/m².

Volume 6, Issue 4, 2015, pp.317-330.

2. Minimum energy requirement of an endoreversible desalination system of sea water

Lingen Chen^1,2,3, Liwei Shu^1,2,3, Yanlin Ge^1,2,3, Fengrui Sun^1,2,3

1 Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, 430033, P. R. China.

2 Military Key Laboratory for Naval Ship Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, 430033, P. R. China.

3 College of Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, P. R. China.

Abstract: A model of a typical endoreversible desalination system of sea water is established and the minimum energy requirement for the system is optimized by using finite time thermodynamic theory. The heat exchange between the endoreversible desalination system of sea water and surroundings are delivered by two endoreversible Carnot heat pumps and three endoreversible Carnot heat engines. The minimum energy requirement for the system can be found by subtracting the power outputs from the power inputs. The results show that the minimum energy requirement for the distillation system depends on not only the properties of the input saline water, the output pure water and the brine water, but also the inherent features of the heat pumps and the heat engines, i.e. the total heat conductance of the heat pumps and of the heat engines. The results obtained herein are closer to those of practical system than those obtained based on reversible model.

3. HV substation earth grid commissioning using current injection test (CIT) method: Worst case scenario determination

M. Nassereddine, J. Rizk, M. Nagrial, A. Hellany

School of Computing, Engineering & Mathematics University of Western Sydney, Australia.

Abstract: The existing of the High Voltage (HV) infrastructure creates a unique set of safety circumstances. The earthing system is one of the main elements to mitigate any unsafe conditions. Commissioning the earth grid certifies that the implemented system fulfills to the pertinent necessities. This paper endeavors to present vital information on how to perform the earth grid commissioning of an HV infrastructure. This paper will minutiae the minimum needs to guarantee the test will symbolize the actual fault case that the design was based on. A flow chart diagram is established and presented in this paper, which allows the determination of the most suitable injection route. The results of the case study are discussed, and the results are shown in this paper.

4. Influence of pipe length and flow rate on nano-particle deposition in laminar circular pipe flows

P. Talebizadeh^1,2, M. Babaie³, Elyse Kenny², H. Rahimzadeh¹, K. Inthavong⁴, G. Ahmadi⁵, R. Brown²

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran.
2 Biofuel Engine Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
3 Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, England.
4 School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Australia.
5 Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, USA.

Abstract: The Lagrangian particle tracking provides an effective method for simulating the deposition of nano-particles as well as micro-particles as it accounts for the particle inertia effect as well as the Brownian excitation. However, using the Lagrangian approach for simulating ultrafine particles has been limited due to computational cost and numerical difficulties. The aim of this paper is to study the deposition of nano-particles in cylindrical tubes under laminar condition using the Lagrangian particle tracking method. The commercial Fluent software is used to simulate the fluid flow in the pipes and to study the deposition and dispersion of nano-particles. Different particle diameters as well as different pipe lengths and flow rates are examined. The results show good agreement between the calculated deposition efficiency and different analytic correlations in the literature. Furthermore, for the nano-particles with higher diameters and when the effect of inertia has a higher importance, the calculated deposition efficiency by the Lagrangian method is less than the analytic correlations based on Eulerian method due to statistical error or the inertia effect.

5. A comprehensive solar angles simulation and calculation using matlab

Akram Abdulameer Abood

University of Baghdad, College of Engineering, Department of Energy Engineering, Baghdad, Iraq.

Abstract: During the experimental or theoretical work in the field of solar energy it is found that there is many parameters need to be estimated or calculated, the calculation procedure of these parameters is long and dull for students, researchers and designers. This paper introduces the most important parameters such as solar angles and provides a MATLAB code to calculate these angles at any time and location. Specific case has been studied to analyze the pattern of solar angles and the solar path. The simulation results could be a fast reference for orientation of solar energy application, design and sun tracking. Baghdad city (and any place on 33o latitude) chosen for the simulation. different angles and times have been concluded to determine whether the bests and worsts for solar energy exploitation.

6. Competence evaluation of mycodiesel production by oleaginous fungal strains: Mucor circinelloides and Gliocladium roseum

Sandip S. Magdum, Gauri P. Minde, Upendra S. Adhyapak, V. Kalyanraman

COE Biotechnology, R.D. Aga Research, Technology and Innovation Centre, Thermax Ltd., Pune 411019, India.

Abstract: Comparing with lesser algal growth rate for biofuel production along with many constraints, fungal route should be analyzed for its capability of biodiesel or mycodiesel production. The two fungal stains namely, Mucor circinelloides (MTCC1297) and Gliocladium roseum (MTCC6474) were analyzed for laboratory scale mycodiesel production. The M. circinelloides and G. roseum were able to produce biomass of 0.404 mg VSS/mg sucrose and 0.642 mg VSS/ mg sucrose with the mycodiesel content of 20.69% (w/w) and 11.37% (w/w) respectively. Furthermore, qualitative analysis of the oil contents by GC-MS were identified the presence of Tetradecanoic and Octadecanoic acids.

7. An insight into chemical kinetics and turbulence-chemistry interaction modeling in flameless combustion

Amir Azimi, Javad Aminian

Mechanical and Energy Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study of flameless combustion condition is carried out by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations in the open-source CFD package of OpenFOAM 2.1.0. Particular attention is devoted to the comparison of three global and detailed chemical mechanisms using the Partially Stirred Reactor (PaSR) combustion model for the turbulence-chemistry interaction treatment. The OpenFOAM simulations are assessed against previously published CFD results using the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) combustion model as well as the experimental data available in the literature. Results show that global chemical mechanisms provide acceptable predictions of temperature and major species fields in flameless mode with much lower computational costs comparing with the detailed chemical mechanisms. However, incorporation of detailed chemical mechanisms with proper combustion models is crucial to account for finite-rate chemistry effects and accurately predict net production of minor species.

8. Constructal complex-objective optimization of electromagnets based on maximization of magnetic induction and minimization of entransy dissipation rate

Lingen Chen^1,2,3, Shuhuan Wei^1,2,3, Zhihui Xie^1,2,3, Fengrui Sun^1,2,3

1 Institute of Thermal Science and Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, P. R. China.

2 Military Key Laboratory for Naval Ship Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, P. R. China.

3 College of Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, P. R. China.

Abstract: An electromagnet requests high magnetic induction and low temperature. Based on constructal theory and entransy theory, a new complex-objective function of magnetic induction and mean temperature difference to describe performance of electromagnet is provided, and the electromagnet has been optimized using the new complex-objective function. When the performance of electromagnet achieves its best, the solenoid becomes longer and thinner as the number of the high thermal conductivity cooling discs increases. Simultaneously, the magnetic induction becomes higher and the mean temperature difference becomes lower. The optimized performance of electromagnet is also improved as the volume of solenoid increases. Simultaneously, as the volume of the electromagnet increases, the magnetic induction increases to its maximum and then decreases, but the mean temperature decreases all along.

9. Accuracy evaluation of different topographic regions in Iraq using geometrics methods

Israa H. Mohammed, Abdul Razzak Ziboon

Building and Construction Engineering Department, University of Technology, Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research, Baghdad, Iraq.

Abstract: In this paper, different mathematical models 3D case are investigated and comprised in order to assess the accuracy of these models under different conditions of terrain topography depend on Geomatics methods. Three high resolution satellite QuickBird images (panchromatic 0.6 m in spatial resolution) of three different study areas, with respect to their topography (a flat area, a hilly area and a mountain area) in Iraq have been used in this work. The flat area is chosen in Baghdad in the middle of Iraq while, the hilly and mountain areas are chosen in Irbil in the north of Iraq. The 3D mathematical models which were used, 1st, 2nd order 3D polynomial, and direct linear transformation model. All these methods are applied for each study area and evaluated through the Matlab environment facilities. The results of 3D models in the three studied areas indicate that the best accuracy is achieved with 2nd order 3D polynomial and DLT models while the worst accuracy is obtained with 1st order 3D polynomial model. Therefore, in the case of using 3D models, the 2nd order 3D polynomial and DLT models is recommended to achieve high geometric accuracy.